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"HAWAIIAN culture, largely repressed
at the beginning of the century in favor of Western education, began a
comeback in the 1960s and is in full flower today.
The "Hawaiian Renaissance" would have had trouble
getting off the ground, however, if it had not been for the tools
provided by educator Mary Kawena Puku`i.
Puku`i wrote or co-authored more than 50 books, as
well as more than 150 songs.
She taught for a while at various schools before
landing at Museum, where she worked for more than a quarter-century as
"associate emeritus in Hawaiian culture."
For her work in placing Hawaiian cultural history into a Western,
scholarly format that could be shared worldwide, Puku`i was recognized as
one of Hawaii's "Living Treasures" in 1976 and was twice honored by
awards from the Hawaii Book Publishers Association."
Star-Bulletin: 11/1999
"Kawena Puku`i, at her birth in 1895, was given by
her haole father to his own Hawaiian mother-in-law… Kawena had
the opportunity to master Hawaiian and to learn something of the old
culture, and she has been ever thankful for her father's generosity and
tolerance… Mary Kawena Puku`i, a Hawaiian language expert, and
Elbert created the Hawaiian Dictionary in 1957. The Dictionary is
considered the "bible" in today's Hawaiian cultural and language
rejuvenation. "Puku`i was the source, and Elbert the vehicle who
helped bring the source forward… "
hawaiianlanguage.com: Pukui & Elbert
"Aunty Mary Kawena Puku`i is the spiritual inspiration of The
Hula Pages. With dedicated effort, she and Samuel H. Elbert compiled the
definitive and authoritative work on the Hawaiian language, the HAWAIIAN
DICTIONARY. Their significant achievement was vitally important for the
successful revival of ka ` ōlelo
Hawai`i (the language).
Aunty Kawena's was a true labor of The Aloha Spirit. Never a
wealthy woman in the material sense, she was incredibly waiwai (rich and
bountiful) in Hawaiian knowledge and life experiences. She did not hoard
any of what she knew. She shared with an open heart filled with Aloha.
She was, and still is, respected, revered, and beloved by her pupils and
her people.
Aunty Kawena loved the hula; herself, a kumu hula, who had
studied for years under Julia Keahi Luahine, a foremost kumu hula of her
day and one of the last court dancers of King Kal ākaua
and Queen Lili`uokalani.
Aunty Kawena was a tremendously sharing person. She must be
delighted with this medium of communication and education, the Internet.
Not only does the Internet allow unlimited exposure of her work, it
furthers the fulfillment of her life's mission which was:
"…the appreciation, preservation and perpetuation
of the Hawaiian language and culture."
hawaiianlanguage.com: The Hula Pages: Mahalo to Aunty Mary Kawena Pukui
A day to honor Kawena: Bank of Hawaii presents "He L ā
e Ho`ohiwahiwa `ai iā Kawena (A Day to Honor Kawena)" in celebration of the 100th
anniversary
of Mary Kawena Puku`i's birth, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Sunday, April
30, 1995 at Bishop Museum. The life and legacy of Hawaii's beloved
Hawaiian scholar and kumu Mary Kawena Puku`i will be celebrated with
hula, mele, Hawaiian language storytelling, and other cultural
activities for which she was known.
A cultural expert, translator, researcher, genealogist, composer,
teacher, and author, Puku`i stands alone in the history of Hawaii
for her contributions to the preservation and revitalization of Hawaiian
language and culture. The festive event will highlight music, dance and
storytelling presented by some of Hawaii's renowned individuals and
organizations who are actively perpetuating her legacy."
A Day to Honor Kawena: Bishop
Museum
"Puku`i is a "household word" and at least one, more likely
several, books bearing her name are found on desks and book shelves all
over Hawai`i, and throughout the world. Countless people are responsible
for the "Hawaiian Renaissance" or the rebirth of the native culture here
in the islands. There are composers and musicians, kumu hula,
historians, political activists, writers and many others with
significant contributions. In my opinion, central to this movement is
understanding the language, the root of any culture, and communicating,
sharing that understanding to large groups of people."
Kathy Durham: Women in Hawai`i's
History
"Mary Kawena Puku`i, among others, states that the `ohana is a
basic organizing principle of Hawaiian life, and that this concept
resonates with the word 'oha, a synonym for kalo which refers as well to
the plant's origins in the original stalk (Puku`i, Haertig and Lee
166ff.).
To be a member of an `ohana is then to be a node on the open-ended
rhizomatic growth that both gives birth to and feeds each person. The `ohana's
rhizomatic network, says Puku`i, includes connections to spirits,
akua, ancestors and future generations, as well as to those people that
Euroamericans might recognize as living family members.
To be Hawaiian, Puku`i maintains, is to be a person configured
within a particular `ohana in an ever-evolving, living web. Writes
Puku`i, "Today the concept of `ohana is often extended to include
unrelated persons, community groups, or church membership" (in Puku`i,
Haertig and Lee 173). This is a corruption of the concept, Puku`i
maintains, as "The real `ohana is a natural phenomenon" (173). It refers
not to wishing for a relationship but to a unity of people due to their
common ancestors living both in them and in the spirits who remain in
palpable daily contact with the `ohana."
Houston Woods, Hawaiians in
Cyberspace
" ... I intentionally chose these Hawaiians because their dedication
to living the culture is noteworthy. They are optimistic, independent,
hard-working people-role models for all of us. In sharing their stories
and their history, I have tried to follow the advice of Mary Kawena
Puku`i, whose contributions to modern Hawaiian scholarship are
unmatched.
Mrs. Puku`i used to say, "Do not look back on the past with scorn
and criticism, look back with understanding and appreciation."
Jay Hartwell, NÂ MAMO: Hawaiian
People Today
"In N ānā
i ke Kumu, the late Mary Kawena Puku`i reported a relevant personal
experience. The incident took place around 1902, when Puku`i was a child.
A woman in the neighborhood had a sore in the
sole of her foot that would not heal. One night she
dreamed about a woman who had a sore foot. In
the dream, a pre-adolescent child went out to
gather pala'a, the "lace fern," for a poultice.
So the woman came to my aunt [a kahuna] and
told her the dream. Kahuna usually sent a helper to
gather medicines. I was very young, so my aunt
sent me [because of the pre-adolescent child in the
dream].
So I went out, for five nights. Each night at
midnight I went alone chanting. Each night,
praying to Kū, I picked five young pala'a shoots
with my right hand. I addressed Kū [the god],
saying "I have come to you, Kū, to pick medicine to
heal the sore foot of [the patient's name]." Then,
with a similar prayer to Hina [the goddess], I
picked five shoots with my left hand. I kept the
shoots, right and left, separate.
In silence, I came home. My aunt crushed the
pala'a and, with prayers, applied them to the sore
foot. She did this five times. The foot healed.
Rita Knipe, Healing Island
"Mary Kawena Puku`i (1895-1986) was trained along with her
adopted daughter Patience Wiggin Bacon (born 1920) by Keahi Luahine.
Both were also trained by Joseph `Īl ālā`aole
(1873-1965) of Puna, Hawaii. Puku`i was most active as a scholar, writing
three important papers on hula (reprinted in Barrère et al.,
1980). Her knowledge, a rare combination of experience and scholarship,
has made her one of the most significant living resources on Hawaiian
culture. Puku`i passed her repertory to her daughter, Pele Puku`i Suganuma
(1931-1979), but Bacon has been the sole practicing link to Keahi
Luahine.
Paul Waters, Hula
On Aunty Pat N āmaka
Bacon: "Aunty Pat, a cultural specialist with the Bishop Museum, is also
knowledgeable in the areas of hula, mele and 'oli. As the adopted
daughter of the late Mary Kawena Puku`i, she says much of her
knowledge was acquired from her mother… Aunty Pat studied with Keahi and
Kapua … teachers are legendary…"
UH Ka Leo, 7/99
" [Ka`upena Wong] credits the late Hawaiian scholar, Mary Kawena
Puku`i as his most important teacher of Hawaiian chants, dance and
Hawaiian cultural practice. About Puku`i, Ka`upena says "It was
Kawena's intent that elements of the old tradition were not only to
be studied but, indeed, they should continue to become a vital and
living part of our islands' pluralistic cultural environment."
Ka`upena Wong
"Mary Kawena Puku`i, a revered scholar of Hawaiian culture, who died
in 1986 at age 91, explained: "As gods and relatives in one, [n ā
aumākua] give us strength
when we are weak, warning when danger threatens, guidance in our
bewilderment, inspiration in our arts. They are equally our judges,
hearing our words and watching our actions, reprimanding us for error
and punishing us for blatant offense."
Betty Fullard-Leo |
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